Lifestyle change programs reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and improved weight and blood glucose among adults at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes.

Background

Almost all new diabetes diagnoses are due to type 2 diabetes, which is due to the increase in an individual’s blood glucose levels. The diabetes prevention program (DPP) introduces and promotes physical activity and a healthy diet among those at greatest risk for developing type 2 diabetes to prevent diagnosis. This review assessed the implementation of DPPs in community and clinical settings and impact of the intervention on diabetes rates as well as participant blood glucose levels and weight.

Findings

The review included 53 studies where DPPs were implemented virtually or in person. Core program components included trained counselors, individual or group sessions on diet and exercise, and maintenance periods to monitor habits developed during the program. Overall, participation in the program reduced individual risk of developing diabetes by about 11% and improved blood glucose levels and weight loss compared to those who did not participate in the program. Additionally, there were greater improvements in participant outcomes, including blood pressure and cholesterol, for programs with more sessions or intensive diet and exercise goals.

Program/Policy Takeaways

Programs that promote nutrition and physical activity are significantly effective for people at increased risk of type 2 diabetes for reducing diagnoses of diabetes and other diabetes risk factors like blood glucose levels. Providers can connect individuals in this at-risk population to these interventions and support related follow-up care to promote long-term, healthy behaviors. This study was used by the Community Preventive Services Task Force to update guidance on the effectiveness of diabetes prevention interventions.