Extended-release buprenorphine and methadone were the most cost-effective outpatient treatment options for individuals with opioid use disorder.

Background

Opioid misuse is associated with higher rates of emergency department utilization, hospitalization, overdose, and death. Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, can help treat opioid use disorder (OUD) when used alone or in combination with therapy or counseling. This study measured the long-term cost-effectiveness of various treatment options for adults with OUD receiving care in outpatient settings.

Findings

A model was developed to estimate direct costs and assess cost-effectiveness over a ten-year period between different MOUD and non-MOUD treatment options. While total costs were higher for individuals receiving MOUD, extended-release buprenorphine and methadone were considered most cost effective in office-based opioid treatment and opioid treatment program settings when compared to receiving counseling alone. MOUD in general improved other measures, such as life expectancy and quality of life.

Program/Policy Takeaways

Certain MOUD options can be more cost-effective for individuals receiving outpatient treatment. Behavioral health providers can consider expanding access to these MOUD options, in alignment with state and federal guidelines, to improve quality of life amongst individuals with OUD.