Knowledge of the clinical outcomes associated with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) use is crucial when creating Medicaid policy that ensures that people with diabetes receive evidence-based care that improves their health and well-being. The resources in this section can help states understand and effectively convey the importance of expanding access to CGMs to improving health outcomes.
CGM Cuts Hospitalization in T2D, Even in Non-Insulin Treated
Reviews CGM utilization data in type 2 diabetes patients with and without insulin treatment — exemplifying how device usage cuts hospitalizations and leads to improved glucose control.
Time in Range State of the Evidence
Compiles peer-reviewed articles and abstracts demonstrating the impact interpretation of a new CGM-related metric, “Time in Range.”
Partnering for Better Health: Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Clinical Pharmacist Collaboration to Improve Glycemic Control in Underserved Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Assesses changes in HbA1c levels among non-insulin and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes primary care patients prescribed a CGM , finding statistically significant reductions in mean HbA1c levels. Patients who visited a clinical pharmacist during their clinic visit exhibited greater reductions in HbA1c levels.
CGM Access, Literacy, and Use Among Inner-City Safety-Net Hospital Patients
Employs in-depth interviews and surveys to highlight the need for increased education surrounding CGM utilization education and changes to diabetes care management.
Coverage for Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Nonintensive Therapies: An Evidence-Based Approach to Policymaking
Reviews the evidence base of the benefits of CGM usage among individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin only and/or noninsulin therapies and finds CGM use is associated with improvements in HbA1c and/or other key outcome measures.
Beyond A1C: Exploring Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics in Managing Diabetes
Describes the benefits and limitations of CGM use for diabetes treatment, CGM usage in clinical settings, and the application of CGM to advanced diabetes technology.
Comparing Clinical Outcomes Between Two Continuous Glucose Monitors: Similar Diabetes-Related Events, All-Cause Hospitalizations and HbA1c Reductions in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Studies the clinical outcomes of two CGMs (Dexcom and FreeStyle Libre) in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and finds similar rates of acute diabetes events, hospitalizations, and HbA1c reductions between these devices.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Initiation Within First Year of Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Is Associated With Improved Glycemic Outcomes: 7-Year Follow-Up Study
Evaluates the benefit of CGM use and finds that seven years later, A1c was significantly lower for those who gained access to a CGM within the first year of type 1 diabetes diagnosis versus those with later CGM use or none at all.
Efficacy of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Finds that patients with gestational diabetes using CGMs were more likely to have lower HbA1c levels at the end of pregnancy, experience less gestational weight gain, and give birth to infants with lower birth weights compared to those using blood glucose monitoring. However, the evidence is limited by the small number and size of the studies reviewed.
Effects of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Perinatal Women with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Finds that CGM use among pregnant individuals with diabetes is associated with lower HbA1c levels, cesarean section rates and neonatal birth weight.
Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin
Finds that CGM use over eight months among adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes resulted in significantly decreased HbA1C.
Flash Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Summary Review of Recent Real-World Evidence
Analyzes recent flash CGM literature to draw conclusions on the clinical and fiscal impact of flash CGM utilization.
